Освобождение из-под ареста

ФемидаОт тюрьмы и от сумы, говорит старая пословица, зарекаться не стоит. А уж арест в Израиле стал настолько частым явлением, и полиция настолько легко его использует, что совершенно невиновный человек зачастую попадается под горячую руку закона.

Существует два типа ареста — арест для обеспечения следственных действий (он же — «арест по дням») и арест до конца судебного разбирательства. В первом случае дело заслушивает дежурный судья в мировом суде, а во втором — судья, специализирующийся на арестах в том суде, где будет вестись разбирательство по существу.

Если во время следствия задача адвоката — освободить подозреваемого, чтобы снять с него стресс пребывания под стражей и дать возможность более эффективной защиты, ограничив давление следователей, то арест до конца судебного разбирательства обычно является самым важным этапом уголовного дела.

Итак, первый случай. Полиция арестовывает человека и начинает допрос. На следующий день с утра его привозят в мировой суд, где ожидание может занять полдня, а само слушание — несколько минут. На этом этапе у адвоката ещё нет возможности ознакомиться с материалами следствия — это тайна, и пока прокуратура не передаст в суд обвинительное заключение, все детали происходящего адвокат узнаёт от своего клиента.

На заседании в переполненном зале суда адвокат допрашивает полицейского, пришедшего с просьбой об аресте, пытаясь выяснить у него подробности дела и доказать судье, что клиента можно выпустит прямо сейчас, не поставив под угрозу ни следствие, ни общественную безопасность. Допрос полицейского — это мощнейшее средство показать суду безосновательность требований полиции, и проконтролировать — насколько это возможно — ход событий.

Уже к этому моменту родные и близкие должны быть готовы к тому, чтобы взять арестанта на поруки. Необходимо подготовить место пребывания так, чтобы оно отвечало требованиям, предъявляющимся к «домашнему аресту» — круглосуточное наблюдение за подозреваемым, возможность контроля и так далее. Вероятнее всего, что суд потребует внести денежный залог как условие для выпуска на свободу — имейте это в виду, рассчитывая свои шаги.

Если человека не удалось выцарапать из цепких лап Фемиды за время следствия, и прокуроры передают дело в суд, начинается новый этап борьбы за свободу. Наконец-то у адвоката появляется возможность ознакомиться с материалами дела, а у подсудимого — предстать перед проверкой «шерут а-мивхан» — социальной службы, определяющей шансы на удачный исход дела.

Именно этот этап зачастую определяет меру наказания. Если судебный процесс завершился не в пользу подсудимого, и судья выносит приговор, срабатывает закон инерции. Если человек уже находится за решёткой, нет практически никаких шансов на то, что го оттуда выпустят, и наказание в виде лишения свободы гарантировано. Однако если к моменту вынесения приговора подсудимый находится на воле, адвокату легче убедить суд в возможности применения более мягкого наказания — условного срока, исправительных работ или даже штрафа.

Итак, запомните, что главное — не упустить критический момент. И конечно же, на всякий случай запишите телефон — 0545.490423



Автор

Член коллегии адвокатов Израиля с 2001 года. Создал и возглавлял Комиссию по связям с государствами СНГ при Палате Адвокатов Израиля. Телефон 0545-490623


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